Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. It is less common that other skin cancers but is more likely to grow and spread to other parts of the body if not caught early.

Symptoms

The early signs of melanoma often include:

  • A change in an existing mole
  • The development of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on the skin
  • Asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, a diameter larger than 6mm, and evolving shape or size (known as the ABCDEs of melanoma)

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of melanoma isn’t fully understood, but several factors can increase the risk:

  • Exposure to UV radiation: From sunlight or tanning beds
  • Excessive sun exposure; including blistering sunburns
  • Genetic factors: Family history of melanoma
  • Fair skin: People with lighter skin, freckles, or red/blomd hair are at higher risk. Less melanin means less protection for UV radiation
  • Having many moles or unusual moles
  • Weakened immune system: Due to certain medical conditions or treatments that suppress the immune system

Lifestyle Changes for Prevention

Preventive measures include:

  • Avoiding excessive sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10am-4pm)
  • Use sunscreen, a broad-spectrum SPF 30+, applied generously and reapplied every 2 hours
  • Using protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
  • Avoiding tanning beds
  • Check you skin regularly by performing monthly self-exams and look for new or changing moles
  • Annual skin checks with a dermatologist, especially if you have risk factors

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the stage of the melanoma and may include:

  • Surgery: To remove the melanoma and some surrounding tissue
  • Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to target cancer cells
  • Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells
  • Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to fight cancer
  • Targeted therapy: Using drugs that target specific genetic mutations in cells

Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. If you notice any changes in your skin, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional.